Heuristics Lead to Predictable Biases and Inconsistencies Essay

The human cerebrum is mind boggling, most particularly as an example for study with respect to dynamic and critical thinking. The cerebrum utilizes exceptionally exact strategies for pressure so as to recognize the most significant highlights of a specific tactile information. On account of human blunder, these techniques are not great. People acquire enormous quantities of tactile information daily, even terabytes worth to be increasingly exact. A large portion of what an individual sees inside the day gets eradicated from his memory, yet little bits of information remain. These are changed over into representative configuration, which would associate with the person’s encounters once he is in contact with it. At the point when the tangible information gets disconnected it at that point gets symbolical to the individual and taken from long haul memory, certain biasing impacts emerge. â€Å"Biases additionally work when the images are summoned and controlled for psychological tasks. † The consequences of these are our conviction frameworks, portrayal and tying down. Mooring alludes to the procedure where individuals structure convictions around a grapple and each approaching information ought to relate towards that stay despite the fact that fundamentally superfluous. Portrayal â€Å"occurs when individuals anticipate that their yields should look like the creating process.† However portrayal doesn’t demonstrate proficient and in every case valid, and this is expected for the most part on account of human inclination. Portrayal and mooring are instances of heuristics. They are all the more normally portrayed as â€Å"rules of thumb† which people use in thinking in intellectually prudent ways. These are recorded in the human cerebrum, and it is the equivalent for all, as we as a whole have a couple of hands and a couple of eyes. Heuristics began in the late 1960s and mid 1970s and formulated by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman where they concentrated their examinations on human judgment. Heuristics supplanted sound judgment and the algorithmic strategy where they guessed that judgment in vulnerability lays on a predetermined number of heuristics as opposed to other progressively entangled techniques. Heuristics got acknowledged and spread upon practically all types of information †financial matters, medication, law, brain research and political theory. This investigation was progressive in its time in light of the fact that â€Å"it at the same time scrutinized the clear ampleness of perfect models of judgment and offered an intellectual elective that clarified human mistake without conjuring spurred mindlessness. † Kahneman and Tversky’s study spun around the presumption of â€Å"bounded rationality†. In their examination, they have additionally demonstrated that people to be sure are restricted in handling and are plausible to wrong judgment, they verify the prior models of judgment where not fit to people since they are a lot more straightforward than what is truly occurs in human dynamic. After wide acknowledgment and a moving endlessly from the reasonable dynamic examples formulated previously, where people are thought to consistently pick the best choice by methods for likelihood, Heuristics is still observed to have irregularities and weighed down with inclinations. The entire idea of Heuristics gives an organized method of critical thinking, contemplating human mind capacity and limit which unavoidably makes the procedure simpler. When contrasted with the old model of reasoning where people are constantly observed to know likelihood and pick the most ideal path dependent on likelihood calculation, Heuristics give a more profound comprehension of the human condition. A few disappointments of heuristics enter when it is given information that isn't a piece of its â€Å"domain of expertise† or what is as of now recently determined. Inclinations are a key blunder in utilizing heuristics for critical thinking. A subjective inclination is characterized as â€Å"any of a wide scope of onlooker impacts distinguished in intellectual science and social brain research including extremely fundamental measurable, social attribution, and memory blunders that are basic to every single individual. † Biases that are in direct connection to dynamic and critical thinking influence logical techniques actually intended to dispose of these precise odds of inclination. Predispositions in Heuristics are hard to see for three reasons. In the first place, the human reasoning procedure that is utilized to pass judgment and survey in critical thinking is in itself loaded with predispositions. Second, inclinations are normal and far reaching that it is hard to notice and third, the choices that are utilized Heuristics feel great along these lines it fulfills the individual, in any case in the event that it right or wrong. As per a University of Pennsylvania graduate school inquire about paper, head discoveries in conduct financial matters and intellectual brain science during that time have appeared in examines that people â€Å"deviate from perfect statutes of sanity in numerous settings, displaying conflicting judgment notwithstanding confining and other proper controls of the introduction of problems.† In their exploration paper entitled, â€Å"Heuristics and Biases in Thinking About Tax†, they have recommended that residents particularly in the United States experience the ill effects of a wide scope of predispositions in the comprehension of the essential highlights of the duty law plan and change, similar to the perceptual inclinations progressively concentrated in the area of the private markets, similar to the assessment of â€Å"risky choice† and purchaser accounts. The primary objective of the paper was to show that in assessing the duty frameworks present in the nation, residents are helpless and display a wide scope of Heuristics and inclinations, which lead to conflicting judgment and assessment. Commonness of these predispositions show that there is undoubtedly space for â€Å"skillful† legislators and easy political frameworks to â€Å"manipulate general sentiment, and that charge framework configuration will mirror a specific instability by virtue of the chance of inspiring inclination inversions through simply formal explanatory methods. † Due to the irregularities and inclinations of Heuristics, choice scholars have examined this wonder all the more intently. It transformed into a regarded field, established by of Kahneman and Tversky, usually known as â€Å"Heuristics and biases.† Heuristics may function admirably in critical thinking, however can likewise go to destructive predispositions. A couple of instances of heuristics and inclinations incorporate Framing, which means seeing a need in reality as a â€Å"problem† you can take a shot at comprehending and the partner predisposition is confusing your perspective on the issue with the genuine need. Business as usual, a heuristic that suggests â€Å"Business as Usual† or â€Å"If it ain’t broke don’t fix it† may bring about predisposition against anything new. Subjective arrogance is equivalent to conclusiveness and refusal to be spooky by question which may prompt the predisposition of self-fancy. The Heuristic Prudent Estimation implies â€Å"conservative estimates† which may prompt botched chances which are particularly risky in bunch critical thinking. Doubtlessly situation has the Heuristic clarification of abstaining from sitting around on potential outcomes that likely won’t occur, however the inclination is uncommon occasions can be the most significant. Speculating designs suggests rapidly detecting the pattern or the 10,000 foot view, with a comparing predisposition of â€Å"Outguessing randomness† and seeing examples that doesn’t exist. The last model Recall capacity or Availability which infers, if a thought doesn’t fit in with the conspicuous information, it’s without a doubt suspect. The comparing inclination for this is, non-clear things can be generally significant or even generally normal. These instances of Heuristics are regular in regular day to day existence, and these dependable guidelines do help in surveying circumstances, for example, bargains in business, financial matters, or everyday household issues. It is regular information that these Heuristics can bomb typically, which are otherwise called â€Å"hidden traps† when an individual surrenders to the partner inclination. It is as of now a given that Heuristics achieve irregularities and inclinations, however there are a few strategies for control. For instance, for the Heuristic Framing, guidance is to not consequently acknowledge starting encircling, make progress toward target nonpartisan surrounding, and challenge different people’s framings. These are solutions for one-sided framed Heuristics, which will by and large assistance in critical thinking, whichever phase of the issue the individual is at.

Health and Well Being

Question: Examine basically the difficulties introduced to human services in Australia. Answer: This article expects to talk about basically the difficulties introduced to human services in Australia. The chose determinant for talking about the difficulties is a maturing populace. The maturing of populace is basically a positive result; for the most part mirroring the upgraded future. The maturing of populace and development influences gracefully of work, prerequisites of foundation, monetary yield and spending plans of the legislature. A viable human services framework isn't just the essential need of each network yet in addition a pointer of a prosperous network. The Australian arrangement of social insurance shows shockingly achievement in passing on incredible aftereffects of wellbeing and prosperity with savvy measures. Australians value one of the longest hope of life and a solid future, while the expenses as a degree of the absolute national yield stay normal among countries taking part in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (Aged consideration in Austr alia (AIHW), 2016). The maturing masses difficulties the capacity of medicinal services suppliers and chairmen in social insurance conveyance to keep up the wellbeing and prosperity direct genuine and repeating disease, and bolster the delicate and the debilitated. The normal sound future of an Australian is 73 years, anyway genuine hope can be ten years longer regularly joined by constant disease bringing about handicap. Ceaseless sicknesses can be forestalled by avoiding potential risk in early life, yet preventable endless maladies, for instance diabetes speak to a vital and developing weight of dismalness, mortality and wellbeing administrations cost. Australia had tolerably been an energetic country in the past running 31% of the populace about 15years and more youthful, be that as it may, this step by step dropped to 22% by the 2002 (Willis, Reynolds and Keleher, 2016). As indicated by the IGR , in the following 40 years the degree of the populace more than 65 years will expand twofold to around 25% (Aging and Health framework, 2016). Meanwhile, the improvement in the populace relating to the workforce age is eased back down to zero, which is a never-ending change. Barring an unmatched change in the paces of ripeness, the age structure of the people will in general balance out with a higher degree of more established Australians. While all these general segment examinations will start national outcomes, there will be differentiates in the various zones. For example, the metropolitan zones are bound to pull in youthful populace, though some neighborhood zones attract retirees and upgrade fast maturing of peoples. Likewise, the se gment profile of indigenous Australians is strikingly different. The greater part of the indigenous masses (57 %) are under 25 years of age, diverged from 34% for the populace by and large. Regardless, these qualifications don't impact the general outcome. Among now and 2040 each State and Territory is depended upon to experience a vital maturing of its masses (Aging and Health framework, 2016). Fig: - Fertility Rates of Australia (anticipated diagram) Source : (Part 2: Long-term segment and monetary projections, 2016) The accompanying diagram above delineates that there has been a steady decrease in the fruitfulness rates for as far back as not many decades. The anticipated rates for the following decade shows that the rate will facilitate impressively decline by approximately50% when contrasted with earlier years (3.5 in 1957 to The Government is by and by looking at how help to families may be additionally upgraded so that there is most extraordinary choice open to watchmen in changing work and family commitments. With these measures close by, the administration has attempted to diminish viably the maturing populace in future. Be that as it may, shouldn't something be said about the current populace close by? More seasoned Australians structure, a larger piece of the populace. 14% of the populace around 3.3 million individuals were matured around 65 or more, and surmised 440,000people were 85 years or more age, during the year 2013. It has additionally been anticipated by the Australian Bureau of Statistics, that continuously 2053 about 8.3 million individuals will be 65 or more years old (21%) and inexact of 1.6 million individuals will be matured 85 years or more (4.2%) (Australias Demographic Challenges Australia's Demographic Challenges, 2016). The clinical administrations gave by the Australian government, incorporate national wellbeing arrangement, which gives Medicare benefits plan a legislature supported protection plot, which covers 85% of experts, 75% of general specialist, and 100% expenses of open emergency clinics. Moreover numerous secretly subsidizing offices give medical coverage known as wellbeing reserves (Australias Demographic Challenges Australia's Demographic Challenges, 2016). The technique for thinking for government allotments for private protection suppliers alongside open protection conspire has never had all the earmarks of being clear; perhaps it is best observed as the exchange off between the difficulty of interests assuming the presence of a dispute of principles that, as demonstrated by wellbeing coordinator Sidney Sax, depicts the Australian structure. Aside from the protection benefits, the administration of Australia additionally have propelled government activities under Medicare Australia, which fundamentally includes installment to the specialists, nursing staff and subsidizing of emergency clinics at a state level. There have likewise been state programs that incorporate the open emergency clinics and other medicinal services activities. Non-government associations, for example, Australian Red Cross Blood Service gather blood gifts and give them to the social insurance offices. Likewise financing offices, for example, the National Health and Medical Research Council subsidizes the inquires about relating to general wellbeing and directs approach matters (Britt et al., 2013). The arrangement of matured consideration in Australia gives a large group of administrations in the associate of more established individuals and individuals with inabilities for open and private divisions. There are two sorts of matured consideration gave by the private offices to old, both accessible as per the high or low consideration needs of the individual named as changeless private matured consideration which is a drawn out consideration for the old and private reprieve care. It is a transient consideration (Australian Health Care The Challenge of Reform in a Fragmented System NEJM, 2016). Besides, versatile matured consideration administrations give care expected to address the issues of recipients in at least one strategies other than the administrations gave by the standard network. A portion of the instances of such adaptable social insurance administrations is the Transition Care Program and the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Flexible Aged Care program. The Community Aged Care Package (CACP) gives low-level consideration, while Extended Aged Care at Home (EACH) and EACH Dementia (EACHD)provides elevated level consideration and they are all things considered named as network bundled program. Also, there are other network care administrations for the old, for example, the Home and Community Care (HACC program), Veterans Home consideration program and National Respite for Carers Program. The Australian Government has assigned zones as for size and area for the populace maturing 70 or more. During the years 2011-2012, different spots was designated across Australia, relating to age care programs with the point of reasonable spread across seventy three age care arranging zones (Clegg et al., 2013). The related difficulties in connection with the maturing populace are subject to be increasingly important among a couple of gatherings and land regions of Australia, and the interest for social insurance administrations is inclined to differe ntiate among regions and administrations. Contrasts dependent on sex: Such as more seasoned ladies, have higher paces of handicap when contrasted with men. It has been seen by ABS (2013 information) that in the year 2012, 49% of the ladies maturing 65 years or more required help with one movement in least when contrasted with other men (Drummond et al, 2015). Contrasts dependent on topography: The various territories have populace having a place with various age gatherings. It is normally seen that maturing populaces possess the wide open as opposed to the city. In this way, it is essential for the network matured projects to offer support on the edges of the city (Jefford et al., 2013). Contrasts dependent on financial status-Socio-monetary components including related obstacle, are basic determinants of prosperity. The general wellbeing tends to upgrade with each movement up the financial stepping stool, routinely insinuated as the money related slant of prosperity. For example, d ata from the 201112 AHS show that people who live in locales of impediment were more plausible than those in areas of favorable position to report specific long haul wellbeing procedures.Differences in Cultural decent variety Some wellbeing characteristics moreover change by social contrasts. For instance, considering the differentiating age structures and response paces of various populace gatherings, 2011 Census information, shows that the more established individuals who have moved from abroad particularly from non-English talking countries (25% of those matured 65 and over). They have a more noteworthy trouble in performing exercises, for example, correspondence and correspondence when contrasted with Australians (17%) and individuals from other English talking countries (15%) (Kickbusch Gleicher, 2012). Since the senior individuals are high customers of the human services conveyance framework, and wellbeing costs being higher in more seasoned age gatherings, maturing of populace has driven some to communicate stresses over impractical weight on the costs inside the wellbeing framework. Interest for social insurance administrations is affected by various components, anyway more established people are to a great extent higher customers of human services framework than the young, in this manner it is normal that request will increment with the addition of the maturing populace, on the grounds that more seasoned

Contrasting Representations of Female Characters in Wide Sargasso Sea - Literature Essay Samples

In Wide Sargasso Sea, Rhys uses her female characters predominately in a feminist style. The narrative itself is a rewriting of the literary history of Jane Eyre with a focus on the marginalised Bertha Mason both as a woman, a creole and in her financial status. While some female characters advocate modifying the inherited language of male oppressors, like Christophine does through her defiance against Rochester, others are subjugated by the arrival of male colonisers. These topics are explored through a range of events, symbols and metaphors. Annette can be seen as a presentation of a female who is both assertive towards and oppressed by her male superiors. Olaussen makes the argument that in Annette’s adoption of feminine qualities ‘such as beauty, fragility, dependency and passivity make it impossible for her to change actively their situation.’ This sense of helplessness, in support of Olaussen’s status, is established at the start of the novel through Annette’s repetition of the verb ‘marooned’ after her horse is poisoned. The verb, used in its past tense form, gives a sense of total isolation and marginalisation from society but also a helplessness in Annette’s status with an inability to change their economic or social standing. Although, the readers narrator (Antoinette) states that ‘she had hope every time she passed a looking glass.’ As looking glasses are often used as symbols of identity, it may be implied that Annette’s sense of self is shaped by her physical appearances. In the context of Victorian society, there was an expectation for women to adopt qualities of attractiveness while remaining sexually reserved. Sarah Strickney- Ellis stated that women have a ‘high and holy duty’ to look after the ‘minor morals of life’, referring to the need for women to suppress their base desires. In this sense, Annette’s suppression of her base desires and true identity makes her helpless against her male superiors as her false fragility make her vulnerable. In addition, as appearances are ephemeral, it may be suggested that Antoinettes sense of self is also non-permanent and therefore prefiguring her descent into madness. On the other hand, after the arrival of the ‘new’ colonisers, Antoinette states that ‘my mother married Mr Mason’. The use of syntax here places Annette as the subject of the sentence, which indicates that she is given status and power through her ma rried state. However, later in Part 1, the parrot Coco may be seen as a symbol of Annette’s oppression. The parrot, as an exotic creature, may become emblematic of Annette’s entrapment since Mason’s arrival. Antoinette says that ‘after Mr Mason clipped this wings he grew very bad tempered.’ The clipping of rate wings by Mason may be symbolic of colonists entrapping of the native community, which in this instance is Antoinette both as a creole and as a woman. On the other hand, the ‘bad tempered’ nature of the parrot may reflect the social unrest caused by the arrival of the colonists and the violent nature of the colonised people. In this sense, it mirrors the aggressive behaviour of Annette towards Mason. In light of this, Olaussen’s statement is supported by Annette’s feminine weakness results in her deterioration both mentally and physically. Under a different interpretation, Smith states that ‘Rochester’s attempts to own Antoinette and force her to conform make [her] seem insane.’ Through this statement, we can view the characterisation of Antoinette and the presentation of her marriage to be evidence of male subjugation by Rochester. Primarily, in the context of a Victorian law, prior to the Married Women’s Property Act 1870, Rochester has the rights to all of Antoinette’s property and wealth as well as her, making her entirely dependent on him. This dependency can be seen through the portrayal of Antoinette. In Antoinettes second dream at the Convent, when she is led into the woods by a stranger, she states ‘I make no effort to save myself.’ This dream foreshadows the arrival of Rochester and her failure in asserting herself. Similarly, at the start of their sexual relationship, Rochester states that she had poor weapons, and they had not served her well. He draws on the s emantic field of military jargon, a technique which is used repeatedly through the novel, to express his need to dominate Antoinette, viewing her as a conquest. Ultimately, he does achieve this objective, using the adjective poor to give Antoinette a sense of vulnerability and weakness in regards to his advances. In line with Smiths views, Rochester continues to attempt to own his wife through changing her name to Bertha. Names are often used to symbolically show the power of language in relation to identity, hence Rochesters attempts to alter this in order to change Antoinettes sense of selfhood. Antoinette hates the name but demurely accepts it, showing that her role is transforming into her mothers, a powerless and manhandled woman. While this subtle change in her name seems insignificant, at the end of Part 2, there is the use of the simile like a doll to depict Antoinette which shows the full extent of Rochesters domination. By this point in the novel, Antoinette has become com pletely dependent on Rochester, shown by her likeness to an inanimate object. Although it may be argued that hes been objectifying her all along, its debatable as to whether Rochester has complete domination of Antoinette, or whether Antoinettes doll-like exterior is only a sham, a mask to conceal her rebellious impulses. In either sense, Antoinettes sense of selfhood is altered to the point of corruption and is therefore characterised to be helpless and vulnerable. In this sense, Smiths argument is validated in Antoinettes ending sense. Contrastingly to these predominately vulnerable female characters, Christophine offers an important function within the novel as powerful protector in the eyes of Olaussen. The first introduction of her powerful status is given when Antoinette says the talk about Christophine and obeah changed it indicating that it is Christophine as an obeah practitioner that gives her status as a healer and witch. In the context of the time (circa 1840), the colonisers outlawed and punished the practice of obeah primarily because it gave the slave community a channel of communication. In light of this, Christophine is given her status through the power of her magic combined with an aspect of slave resistance. In her relations with Rochester, it is clear that Christophine is the dominant of the two. When they first meet, they stare at each other for a prolonged period of time and Rochester states that I looked away first and she smiled. In an animalistic sense, they are attempting to establish domin ance over one another, which Christophine does rather than Rochester. This may be due to Rochester’s inherent sense of superiority and his dismissal of the black, lower classes however Christophines primary dominance is contrary to the patriarchal society in which the characters are subject to. Furthermore, Christophines advice offers insight into her values of independence. She tells Antoinette that ‘women must have punks to live in this wicked world’ which captures her view on feminine power. Spunks, meaning guts and courage both indicates a need for feminine strength as well as providing an example of colloquialism. This may be seen as confronting the stereotypical feminine language by using language dominated by masculine concepts and values, reflecting a feminist technique in presenting strong female characters. In addition to this, Rochester describes that she has a ‘judges voice’ which gives Christophine power of judgement over Rochesterâ€⠄¢s actions, elevating her status and allowing her to condemn over Rochester. On the other hand, by the end of the same confrontation, Christophine is forced to back down after being threatened with the law by Rochester. The final image Rhys presents of Christophine is that ‘she walked away without looking back.’ This image of finality is ambiguous as it can be interpreted in two main ways. Firstly it may be seen as a final assertion of her victory after having the last word in the conflict or it can be seen as a defeat from Christophine’s perspective as Rochester’s threats have left her unable to compete with him. Under this interpretation, Christophine ultimately fails in her role as ‘powerful protector’ as she too is subjugated by the colonising Rochester. Overall, Rhys’s blend of dependent and independent characters allows for a contrasting depiction of a women’s role within the society she constructs. However, ultimately most of the female roles at the forefront of the novel are dominated by the colonisers, making the true independence of the characters questionable.

A Brief Note On Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Nervosa

Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa Eating disorders are classified as mental disorders and can lead to life threatening damage. It is important to manage eating disorders to prevent health effects. There are many different possibilities for patients with disorders. Common treatments for eating disorders can consists of counselor or therapists. Early detection is important to limit future oral health effects. A dental hygienist has an advantage to see the inside of the mouth for possible trauma, erosion, and malnutrition. It is common for patients to be in denial of the situation. A dental hygienist is trained to communication to the patient about the eating disorder without the patient feeling attacked. It is important to tell the difference in eating disorders. Most eating disorders all appear to be anorexia until further signs and symptoms are observed. The two types of eating disorders being discussed in this paper are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. On average, women are more likely to experience an eating disorder. Although, men are not eliminated from eating disorders. Eating disorders pertain to a patient who is unsatisfied with one’s current body image. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are the most common eating disorders. These two eating disorders are similar in ways that are characterized by low self esteem, body dysmorphia, and signs of depression. However, anorexia, anorexia nervosa, and bulimia nervosa should not be confused. Anorexia is theShow MoreRelatedA Brief Note On Anorexia And Bulimia Nervosa1561 Words   |  7 Pagesagainst feminism, all play a critical role in contributing to these life-threatening illnesses. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are two of the most common eating disorders. In both of these disorders, the sufferer may experience a fear of gaining weight and dissatisfaction with body appearance. What classifies one as bulimic is their binging followed by self-induced vomiting, versus those with anorexia who eat substantially less than normal with a primary goal of staying thin. If not treated carefullyRead MoreA Brief Note On Anorexia Nervosa And Bulimia Group1096 Words   |  5 Pagesvalidity and reliability for the numerous subscales, questions, and items throughout the assessment by obtaining many subsamples of individuals with anorexia nervosa and bulimia and a control group of individuals that did not have the disorder and looking at the results between the two. The researchers took three subsamples of female patients with anorexia nervosa that were being treated at the time. The patients were all at different steps in their treatment plans but none of the individ uals were fullyRead MoreEating Disorders : Anorexia Nervosa1477 Words   |  6 Pagesdisorders: anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder. They all involve serious disturbances in weight regulation and eating habits, accompanied by adverse effects on social, psychological and physical aspects of one’s life (‘Eating disorders: About more than food’, n.d.). This essay will specifically be focusing on bulimia nervosa, as research shows a higher level of stigma associated with it, compared to other eating disorders (Roehrig McLean, 2009). Bulimia nervosa is characterisedRead MoreQuestions on Abnormal Psychology4701 Words   |  19 Pagesmedication and surgery. Answer Key:  B Question 9 of 50 1.0 Points A few weeks ago, Marne experienced a sudden feeling of being removed from her body and observing herself sitting in class taking notes. This unusual experience has recurred. Yesterday, she had a sense that the hand that was writing notes was not her hand; she felt no pressure of the pencil against her fingers. Which of the following is most likely Marne s diagnosis?   A.Dissociative amnesia   B.Dissociative identity disorder   C.DissociativeRead MoreEating Disorders And Athletic Participation2416 Words   |  10 Pages Over the past twenty years, there has been a great increase of anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa which have come out as major psychological and health problems. This increase in eating disorders has resulted from the intense societal pressure to diet and conform to an unrealistic weight and body size. For the general population of women, the lifetime number of anorexia nervosa is approximately 0.7%, and that of bulimia nervosa is as high as 10.3% ( Taub Blinde, 1992). Since many athletes containRead MoreDisordered Eating and the Media Essay1344 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the years the ideal body shape has progressed from voluptuous and curvaceous an image Marilyn Monroe emulated to a slimmer and leaner frame in congruence with high fashion models such as Kate Moss (Katzmarzk Davis, 2001). Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia nervosa affect between 1% and 4% of young adult females (American Psychiatric Association, 1994). Eating disorders have been linked to body shapes and images present in the media (Shorter, Brown, Quinton Hinton, 2008). For many childrenRead MorePsy 410 Week 2 and 3 Matrix of Disorders7746 Words   |  31 Pageshaving a panic attack), Social Anxiety Disorder (e.g., being embarrassed in public), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (e.g, anxiety about being contaminated), Separation Anxiety Disorder (e.g., anxiety about being away from home or close relatives), Anorexia Nervosa (e.g., fear of gaining weight), Somatization Disorder (e.g., anxiety about multiple physical complaints), Body Dysmorphic Disorder (e.g., worry about perceived appearance flaws), Hypchondriasis (e.g., belief about having a serious illness), andRead MoreImpact of Media on Teenagers3405 Words   |  14 Pagesindividuals are often highly impressionable and subject tosuch alcohol and or drug use to name teenagers body imageand thin ideal endorsement indicates that media personal dissatisfaction and lowered self-esteem Additionally the continued emphasis nervosa or bulimia is also image and sexualharassment tended to reveal that the onthe other hand appear to very real concern They tend tohighlight the sex Field Camargo Taylor Berkey Roberts and Colditz beauty and fashion magazines and higherlevels disorder symptomsRead MoreEssay on Eating Disorders and the Media6828 Words   |  28 Pagescommon types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa (National Council on Eating Disorders, 2004). People with anorexia nervosa experience heart muscle shrinkage along with slow and irregular heartbeats and eventually heart failure. Along with their heart, their kidney, digestive system and muscles often fail them. The mortality rate of anorexia is twenty percent, which is the highest of any psychiatric disorder. People with bulimia nervosa experience erosion of their teethRead MoreEssay Writing9260 Words   |  38 Pagesresearch paper. Again, be wary of plagiarism and of letting the opinions of more experienced writers swamp your own respons e to the work. If you are going to consult the critics, you should reread the literary work you are discussing and make some notes on it before looking at any criticism. PART II: Developing a Thesis from a Topic Choosing a Topic Over the course of your academic career, you will find that you will be provided a topic for an essay as often as you will be required to formulate

The Islamic Religion Of The Arabian Desert - 1505 Words

Michael Pudlin Professor Ermus November 18th, 2014 Allah says in the Qur an not to despise one another. So the criterion in Islam is not color or social status. It s who is most righteous. If I go to a mosque - and I m a basketball player with money and prestige - if I go to a mosque and see an imam, I feel inferior. He s better than me. It s about knowledge.(Hakeem Olajuwon) The Islamic religion may also be defined as your average day rollercoaster; You have your climb, your peak, your drop or fall, and of course even when this coaster has ended it still has impacted you in some sort of way. The Islamic religion arose in the Arabian Desert during the first half of the seventh century. This unique religion had essential characteristics that made it like no other, it carried an incredible transformation throughout the seventh and eighth centuries and in a sense just like angels above it once collapsed but still has made contributions to today s world civilization. Islam is a very controversial religion when talking about ancient time s. This renown religion has many essential characteristics on which it is based on. The word Islam means peace. The word Muslim means one who surrenders to God. But the press makes us seem like haters.(Muhammad Ali) The Islamic religion was the basic concept that stated that the whole universe was created by god in which the people of this religion called god Allah. Allah is known as theShow MoreRelatedNotes On The World And The Arabian Peninsula1186 Words   |  5 Pagescentury -followers of Islam spread from Arabian Peninsula -began sequence of conquest Spreading †¢ Spreading -merchants -warriors -wanderers (nomads) -empire extended to Africa, Europe and Asia Deserts and Towns: Desert and Towns: The Arabian World and Birth of Islam The Arabian World and †¢ The Arabian Peninsula -was covered mostly by deserts -wide variety of Bedouin (nomadic cultures)Read MoreIslam Studies Jahiliyyah1539 Words   |  7 Pageshave an influence after the advent of Islam. Elements of the jahiliyyah such as the geographical location; the political, social and religious life; pre-islamic literature, rituals of the Ka ba and the role of Women have shaped the understanding of Islam. The term Jahiliyyah means the period of ignorance or barbarism; reflecting the Arabian culture before the birth of Muhammad(Mvumbi, 2010). The concept reflects the period in which Arabia had no dispensation, no knowledge of Allah or one GodRead MorePre Islamic Period Of Arabian People1399 Words   |  6 PagesShadhan Al-Mahrouqi Rifat Dika Arabic 399 9/30/2015 Pre-Islamic Period of Arabian People Religion is a complicated multi-dimensional phenomenon that embraces all the spheres of people’s lives. Therefore, to analyze the meaning and objective effects of any religion, the researchers need to study e a particular society before the appearance of religion. It is common knowledge that understanding beliefs requires awareness of sociological, political, economic, psychological and philosophical life ofRead MoreThe First Global Civilization : The Rise And Spread Of Islam1539 Words   |  7 Pagesinto the country. Most Muslims were scholars and had a huge understanding of the Islamic religion. The arabic language later became the official language of the Islamic people. They read the Qur an. This is their holy book. DESERT AND TOWN: THE ARABIAN WORLD AND THE BIRTH OF ISLAM The geography of a desert town was very unbearable. It was very unlikely that you would see any children being born in a desert town, mostly because of that heat. Too hot for basically anyone to be living thereRead MoreIslam s Influence On The Middle East And Beyond1711 Words   |  7 Pagesthen appealing to many. Beginning in the 7th century, the Islamic Prophet Muhammad established a new â€Å"unified polity† in the Arabian Peninsula, which under the succeeding Rashidun and Umayyad Caliphates saw a century of rapid expansion . â€Å"The resulting empire stretched from the borders of China and India, across Central Asia, the Middle East, North Africa, Sicily and the Iberian Peninsula, to the Pyrenees† . Such expansion of the Islamic state was an understandable development since Muhammad himselfRead MoreCultural Awareness Of Saudi Arabia1101 Words   |  5 PagesAvendano, Allan 12MAY2017  Saudi Arabia, located in the middle east, takes up most of the Arabian Peninsula. This deeply rooted country, in comparison to Western culture, is different in many ways. Culture is defined as a civilization s way of life, their beliefs, morals, laws, and customs. Similarly to how American citizens follow the rules and regulations laid out in the constitution, the Saudi Arabian citizens use the Koran as their constitution. The people of Saudi Arabia culturally identifyRead MoreThe Spread Of The Islamic World997 Words   |  4 PagesSofia Kone 3/6/15 WH7/P4 The Spread of the Islamic World Long ago in 610, a man named Muhammad meditated in a cave near Mecca Arabia , and received a religious vision. This vision laid the foundations and a new belief system for an unknown religion, Islam. United by their faith in Allah, Muslims of Arabia succeeded in consolidating their beliefs throughout the Arabian peninsula into the Middle East. After the death of Muhammad, the Islamic state expanded rapidly through a remarkable success ofRead MoreHow Did The Ottoman Empire Differ From Earlier And The Middle East?1247 Words   |  5 Pagesdiffer from earlier Islamic empires in the Middle East? The Ottoman Empire, or Ottoman Turkish, was one of the longest in history, having gone through the whole modern era and only come to an end with the end of World War I in 1918. The event that is commonly taken by historians as the inaugurator of the Modern age is the fall of Constantinople, the center of the Byzantine Empire, and was triggered by the Turkish-Ottoman. Also, you certainly heard about the Arabs, the Muslim religion and Islam. CertainlyRead MoreAnalysis Of Abc Islam Book 1581 Words   |  7 Pagesmosques would use calligraphy to write parts of the Qur an on the Mosque. Calligraphy is words connected or cursive. D is for desert The desert makes up 75% of the Arabian Peninsula. The environment in this region is very mild with sun and a dry climate. The Arab Bedouins used camels and sheep to travel in this desert. This desert is called the Dahna desert. â€Æ' E is for exposed to trade Muhammad the Muslim prophet was introduced to trade when he was around 12 years of age. He wasRead MoreIslam, The Ottoman And Safavid Empire1528 Words   |  7 Pagesdifferent name. Throughout history, faith and religion have been at the core of almost every successful empire. There are a lot of factors that play into their faith. Two of the greatest empires to ever exist were the Ottoman and Safavid Empire. The Ottoman Empire was so large that it spanned from the Iranian frontier in the east to Algeria. One of the central values that contributed to both empire’s success was religion: Islam specifically. Religion was key to their successes because it not only

Lawyers - Ethics and to Kill a mockingbird- MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Is the figure of Atticus Finch in To Kill a Mockingbird better understood as representing an ideal for liberal lawyers or a slick hired gun willing to accommodate the prejudices of the world he inhabits? Answer: Lawyers are widely considered to be self-serving, devious, callous and to some extent indifferent to truth, public good and also justice, A lawyers profession often calls for a hero and Atticus Finch (played by Gregory Peck), the protagonist of Harper Lees to Kill a Mockingbird is often cited as one such example. The way in which Flinch represented an innocent African-American man Tom Robinson (played by Brock Peters) who was accused of rape by a white Southern woman Mayella Violet Ewell ( played by Collin Wilcox), in the Depression-era in Alabama during the 1930s tends to represent the consummate portrayal of the way in which a lawyer performs his ethical duty. The plot of the film is very akin to the real prosecution of Black defendants in the celebrated case of Scottsboro Boys, otherwise known as Powell v. Alabama, and again in Norris v Alabama. Here an all-white jury convicted young black males of raping who young white women. In the film, very, unfortunately, young Robinson, the beautifully scripted dialogues of Finch along with his closing arguments failed to pursue the jury who turned in the innocent man because he expressed pity for Mayella Ewell, his accuser. There have been numerous debates regarding the suitability of Atticus as a role model. Lecturer Monroe Freedman has argued that Atticus should not be considered as a role model as much as both the novel and the movie have tried to make him, despite being a counsel for an unpopular defendant. He always hoped to get through his life without a case of such complexity (p.98). He made excuses for the leader of the Lynch mob by stating that he is basically a good man and his actions may be justified "just has his blind spots along with the rest of us" (p. 173) pointing towards the fact that he may be categorized as an individual who was too willing to accommodate the prejudices of the world where he inhabited. However, others like Thomas Shaffer have argued in Atticus favor by stating that Atticus has portrayed that it is the presence of character, rather than professional ethics that is what is essentially valued in professional ethics. It is undeniable that Atticus had character. When we say that a person has good character, we do not necessarily mean that said a person only believes in the discernable moral principles and makes better judgments solely based on those principles. That he is a good character is also very closely related to who the person is and also to their good decisions. When appointed to defend Robinson, Atticus Finch, gets serious with his job despite exposing himself as well as his children to the taunts, slurs and disapproval of the neighbors. During the trial, Atticus clearly proves that Robinson could in no way have had raped Mayella because the evidence pointed to the deed having been done by someone who was left handed with two arms whereas Robinson clearly didnt fit the bill as he had lost the use of his left arm in a cotton-gin accident. Nevertheless, Robinson gets convicted, and neither does the verdict against him surprise Atticus. He states that Racism, that is Maycombs Common disease: made this a foregone conclusion in the first place. Shortly after this, Tom is shot while climbing the prison fence. Tom death, while completing the story of the innocent black man who was falsely accused, wrongly convicted and mercilessly killed. Atticus character speaks neither of racial hatred nor or prejudice, two aspects that were very deeply be imbibed he sentiments of the ordinary people of the society of Alabama in the 1930s. Contrary to the general feelings as portrayed by the town, Atticus chooses to look in to the depths of a persons character as opposed to judging them by their skin color. At the very beginning, he tells Scout that it is never possible to understand another individual unless things are considered from their point of view. That he went against most of his family members, neighbors and community members to stand up for what he believed. When questioned by his children about his choice to defend Robinson despite the very slim chances of winning, Atticus said that had he done otherwise he would no longer believe in himself. Atticus Finch is clearly portrayed as a character of stability in an unbalanced society. He is balanced to a degree that he has the power to cope up with the highly emotional as well as unreasonable people surrounding him. He among the prejudices of the white populace but still tried to bring justice to the underprivileged black population of Maycomb. He chose to defend Robinson for fairness and equality that is reflected in his closing speech of There isone placeall men are created equal, that place is in a court (p 205). It shows that Atticus as an individual believed not only in social equality but also in race, sex, class as well as religion. His staunch beliefs are the reflection of his personal psychological stability. His morals are amalgamated with his sense of self-respect and thus, he knows that unless he does what is believed by him is right; he will lose his moral authority over other around him. He only cares about his individual judgement of himself and staunchly accept s the open criticisms of his community members, the disrespect of his children and the repercussions of being voted out of the legislations. The paradigm of a clinical trial as well as a legal process lies at the centre of the narrative. The formal mechanisms of law are up to the task it entrails. The story shows how the busy lives and staunch belief in racism diverts the ordinary people from the essential functions under the law. However, these diversions are far from being encompassed as hindrances for the principal authorized agents, namely the sheriff, the trial judge and Atticus himself. In the narrative, fatally enough, Tom takes matters into his hands, being impatient about Atticus chances of winning the appeal. However Atticus methodological practitioners expertise does not distort his ideas of a radical reformation, rather it allows him to see clearly that Toms case is very ordinary. The story shows that if the jurors basically provided the Black individuals the equality they deserved, the innocents, like Robinson would not remain scapegoats in trials. His son, Jem who was wounded by the injustice of the trial in sisted upon the need for radical reforms, but Atticus quite patiently rebuts citing his practical justifications that came with his years of experience practicing law. Atticus could not avoid condensations, even when faced with young Jens wounded sense of adolescent idealism. When Jen pointed out that the jury system should be abolished, Atticus quite clearly barbed out that it was the inherent sense of racism that was at fault and not the jury system in totality. Atticus is somewhat condescending when he portrays the idea of women in the jury as laughable as in his mind they would disrupt the proceedings rather than bring about any sense of justice that rather goes against is a sense of equality that he had been trying to portray so far. However, the issue that Atticus sees is not the exclusion of women from the juries but the fact that educated civilians refused to take up their civic responsibilities seriously. Atticus recognized that here business is the victim in a narrower and fundamental sense that empathetically would not include himself. He stated that in different conditions someone virtuous as well as bourgeois like the employer of Tom Robinson would not be afraid of servicing on the jury in this case. They would not then consider that in doing their duty to save an innocent mans life, they would end up losing customers. In this scenario, the anonymity of the jurys vote also does not prove to be enough. Atticus says that when a pers on serves on a jury, after that it forces him to make up his mind and declare himself openly. Most often than not, people refuse to do this because it van end up being very unpleasant. In toms case, as Atticus pointed out, business and trade posed to be the biggest issues that went against him, other than the fact that Tom was black. Upright individuals neglect to stand together with experienced legal professionals like Atticus, against the subversion of law's certain certification of equality. The act of law, apparently because that it is a calling and not only a business, uncovers to Atticus both the fundamental substance of the law, equality, and its fundamental procedural righteousness, tolerance. What the law needs is for its appropriate operators in the general people, illuminated male urbanites, to have civic virtue as much as Atticus, the perfect legal advisor. The centerpiece of the film and the book is Tom Robinson's trial. Our first prologue to the real members for the situation happens when Atticus' children surge down to the courthouse and, remain on one another's shoulders so they can see and identify with us the arraignment going ahead inside. Everything about the trial has resonances of a "primal scene" in its perplexity of sexuality and viciousness, in the scandalized grown-ups, and especially in the way that kids are banned from the procedures. Jem and Scout are available at the trial on account of the generosity of an elderly black priest who gives them a chance to sit with him in the place saved for blacks. Despite the fact that it is recognized that the dark skinned litigant can't win for a situation that relies on upon his oath against a white woman's, Atticus is capable through round of questioning to set up that Mayella was beaten by somebody who was left-handed, along with the fact that that her dad Bob Ewell was left-handed, and that, as both principals affirm, Tom Robinson was in her home when her dad discovered them together. In regular protection used in rape cases, she said he assaulted her, he says she assaulted him. Atticus' summation to the jury builds up his position on social equality, as well as principally on the law "Now gentlemen, in this country our courts are the great levelers, and in our courts all men are created equal. I'm no idealist to believe firmly in the integrity of our courts and of the jury systemthat's no idea to me that is a living, working reality." Thus, it may be concluded that In Atticus system, the law does not stand to be castrating oppressive nor does humanity depend upon individual weaknesses. Rather than envisioning the aspect of the law to be harsh as well as ubiquitous, in the given vision, the law that was exercised by the father (of a white woman) proved to be a tool of accomplishing justice. It is in this aspect that Fundamentally Atticus becomes a liberal lawyer. For him, if the justice can get accomplishes through the deliverables of the law lies somewhere in the distant future then he was ok with it. He knows the faults of the legal system; however, he still upholds the fact that law should be maintained to safeguard against sexuality, darkness and impulses. However, Atticus was neither a revolutionary nor a drastic man. But he was just. Despite knowing the norms of the society and the way of the world, he fought for what is right despite knowing that his chances to truly bring Tom Robinson justice were extremely slender. References Atkinson R, "Liberating Lawyers: Divergent Parallels In "Intruder In The Dust" And "To Kill A Mockingbird"" (1999) 49 Duke Law Journal Dare T, "Lawyers, Ethics, And To Kill A Mockingbird" (2001) 25 Philosophy and Literature Lawrence A,Echo And Narcissus: Women's Voices In Classical Hollywood Cinema(University of California Press 1991) Lee H,To Kill A Mockingbird(Lippincott 1960)

Violent Video Games Are Bad for You Essay Example

Violent Video Games Are Bad for You Essay Today, children, teenagers, and adults are exposed to violence throughout their lives. They are exposed through television shows, movies, maybe even on the streets, but what researchers and scientists have proved to be an increasing factor of violence in children and adults is their being exposed to violent video games in which â€Å"they can produce violence, emotional outbursts, and inappropriate language†. According to Violent Video Games: The Newest Media Violence Hazard, about 85% or more video games include violent content. Violent content includes: blood and gore, killing, inappropriate language, and sexual content. Since then, many people have been saying that these games promote bad behavior and cause people to be more violent. As people play violent video games, it influences bad behavior in the player because when you play these games, you control the person who causes the crimes, shoot and kill your enemy, whether it is a criminal or policeman depending on the game you are playing. Since you are playing the game, you feel more connected with your character in the game and it may affect you in the real world. We will write a custom essay sample on Violent Video Games Are Bad for You specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Violent Video Games Are Bad for You specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Violent Video Games Are Bad for You specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This is proved according to the article Computer Games Can Rot Your Brain. According to it, â€Å"researchers have shown that playing or watching violent video games has led to alcohol consumption, destruction of property and other bad behavior. Video games can also lead to stealing of items, mainly vehicles. † Although the article says that, Akemi, a long term gamer now 22 years old, says otherwise. He says â€Å"I have been playing games since I was at least 7, I have no criminal record. I have good grades and have often been caught playing well into the night (that is, 4 hours or more). Even though Akemi has no criminal record, Brad Bushman, a scientist that has been studying the effects of violent games on people says â€Å"aggressive behavior may appear not as criminal activity or physical violence but in more subtle ways in ways people react to or interact with other people in everyday life. † This would mean that Akemi, a gamer for years with no criminal record, may not cause crimes, but inside of him he has some kind of violent behavior that he expresses while interacting with people without him knowing it. Not only do violent videos promote bad behavior, they also destroy students’ grades. If someone is already influenced by the bad behavior in video games, it is certain that the student will not succeed in school. If he is not influenced by bad behavior and are getting unacceptable grades in school, then it may be the game’s addictiveness. Games are fun, especially when you are defeating monsters and killing people which cause you to do it for hours on, making you addicted to it. When you are at school, you would only think about these games and ignore your education. This is supported by Bushman when he says â€Å"The link between violent media and aggression is stronger than the link between doing homework and getting good grades. † People disagree with this and say that violent video games don’t cause bad grades because it might have been that the student was already receiving unacceptable grades before his exposure of violent games concluding that the games had no affect on his poor performance at school. This may be true but, what makes it a bad argument is that the student that is doing poorly in school and is playing these games will never get out of their habit of getting bad grades. If this student was to switch up his games with educational games for instance, then he may have gained the smarts to get out of his habit and become a better student. In the end, violent video games are harmful for you, and everyone else. They cause disruptive behavior, promote violence most more often than not, and encourage students to get poor grades. Many people disagree with this but Bushman says â€Å"many scientific studies clearly show that violent video games make kids more likely to yell, push, and punch. † If we do not see an effect now, we would see it take place later on if they continue to play the games. As a final word, he says â€Å"We included every single study we could find on the topic. Regardless of what kids say, violent video games are harmful. †